EORI Number: when you need it and how to get it

The EORI system has been in effect in the European Union since July 1, 2009. Since then, individuals involved in customs procedures within the EU must obtain a corresponding identification number. The introduction of the system and the registration of the code aim to simplify interactions between businesses and customs authorities. The code is required for all companies planning international economic activities within the European Union.

In our article, we will address all questions regarding the EORI number – an essential element in cross-border trade. You will learn this number, how to obtain it, and who needs it.

What is an EORI Number?

EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification Number) is an identification number used for customs operations in the European Union (EU). This number is assigned to economic operators who import and export goods to and from the EU.

Economic operators must register once in the EORI system and receive a unique identification number. Companies must use a single, EU-recognized EORI number for all transactions and customs procedures within the EU where their identification is required.

EORI Number: What it Looks Like, Examples

The registration code consists of 17 characters. The first two are the alphabetical designation of the country (DE for Germany), followed by 10 digits, and then 5 letters.

An example of a 17-character registration code for Germany would look as follows:

Example Code:

DE1234567890ABCDE

Where:

1. DE - Alphabetical designation of Germany
2. 1234567890 - 10-digit numerical part
3. ABCDE - 5-letter part

Each of these numbers is unique and valid throughout the EU. A company can only obtain one code. Each country has its own system that is integrated with the common system. The number is indicated in specific fields of the customs declaration, the Сarnet TIR, the TIR IPD, the ENS, the EXS (arrival and departure of goods), and the Carnet ATA (document for customs exemptions).

Who Needs an EORI Number and When?

The system was introduced as part of the European e-Customs program.

Obtaining a number is necessary for:

• Identification of foreign economic activity entities within the European Union;
• Verification of business partners (availability of the code and the reliability of the partner or carrier can be checked on the European Commission's website under the EORI number validation section).

The EORI code is mandatory for:

• Exporters and importers;
• Companies engaged in international transportation - holders of Carnets TIR (Carnet TIR);
• Economic operators involved in shipping procedures;
• Recipients of customs decisions and orders;
• Individuals are responsible for submitting customs declarations.

This code is optional for the transportation and sale of goods within the European Union. The number is assigned to natural and legal persons and trading companies based in the EU; for those not based in the EU, it is only assigned to legal persons.

Applying for an EORI Number and an XI EORI Number

An EORI code can be applied for in any EU member state, but only in the state where the company is registered and operates. Companies in non-EU countries receive an EORI number in the EU member state where customs clearance first takes place. In this case, the application for this code must be submitted in advance (before conducting business or contracts), as registration and confirmation of the code in the register take time.

In general, the introduction of the EORI code is beneficial for companies, as it allows them to verify information about business partners (whether the code is valid and to whom it belongs). If the company has given its consent during EORI system registration, the counterpart's data can also be viewed on the EU website.

Let's look at the three main ways to obtain an EORI number in Germany in 2024.

Applying through the Citizens and Business Customers Portal

Submitting an Application

To apply, please follow these steps:

1. Visit the official website of the German customs office at Zoll.de and search for «Apply for an EORI number».
2. Select the appropriate option - «Business» or «Individual».
3. Fill out the online form with the following information:

• Your details (name, address, contact information).
• Information about your business activities (for businesses).
• Bank account details (for businesses).
• Review and confirm the entered data.

Submit the application.

Processing of Applications

Your application will be processed within 2-3 working days, and you will receive an EORI number via email or in your account on the portal.

If you are a business, you will also be assigned an XI EORI number (for trade with the United Kingdom).

Both the EORI number and the XI EORI number are valid indefinitely and do not need to be renewed. Keep them safe, as they are required for customs clearance.

If there are changes in your business (address change, name change, etc.), you must update the data in the system promptly. Applying for EORI and XI EORI numbers through the online portal Zoll.de is simple, fast, and free. The process takes only 2–3 days and is the most convenient and popular way for most businesses and individuals in Germany.

About Form Version 0870

Submitting an Application

To apply, please follow these steps:

1. Visit the German customs website Zoll.de and search for «Apply for an EORI number».
2. Select the option «Application Form 0870» to download a paper form.
3. Print out Form 0870 and fill it in with the following details:

• Your personal information (name, address, contact details).
• Information about your business activities (for businesses).
• Bank account details (for businesses).

Send the completed Form 0870 by mail or deliver it in person to the nearest German customs office.

Processing of Applications

In this case, the processing of your application takes a bit longer, specifically 7-10 working days. You will receive your EORI number and the XI EORI by mail or in your account on the Zoll.de portal.

It should be noted that applying via the paper Form 0870 takes longer (7-10 working days) than applying online through the Zoll.de portal (2-3 working days). However, this option remains free of charge.

About the Representation Regulation

Submission of an Application

The fastest way to obtain a number is by visiting the German customs office.

First, you need to prepare for the visit and identify the nearest main customs office in your area. Then, gather all the required documents:

• For individuals: Passport or identity card
• For entrepreneurs: Documents confirming your activity (registration certificate, extract from the commercial register, etc.)

Next, go to the relevant customs office, go to the reception, present your documents, and apply for the EORI and XI EORI numbers either orally or in writing. The customs officers will check your documents and data.

Processing of Applications

Your application will be processed directly during your visit, and you will receive an EORI number and, if applicable, an XI EORI number on the spot.

It takes on average 30–60 minutes to collect and prepare the necessary documents, and 15–30 minutes for the customs office to process the application. Therefore, a personal visit to a customs office is the fastest way to obtain an EORI and XI EORI number: you receive them on-site. However, with this option, you must appear in person and prepare the required documents in advance.

Costs

The issuance of an EORI number in Germany is free of charge, regardless of whether you apply online, by mail, or in person. The only possible costs are the postage fees for sending a paper application. The procedure for applying for an XI EORI number is also free and is carried out in the same manner.

Conclusion

According to international trade experts, registering and obtaining an EORI number in Germany is a crucial aspect of successful business operations. It is an important step for anyone involved in international trade. This number facilitates customs procedures and ensures efficient cooperation between businesses and customs authorities. Every company needs a unique EORI number.

Remember that an EORI number should be included in all documents related to your international trade to ensure the security and transparency of your transactions. This helps avoid delays and unnecessary complications during border crossings.

Keep up-to-date with updates and changes in customs legislation to stay compliant with the latest requirements and regulations. Don’t hesitate to consult experts or advisors who can provide professional support and answer all your questions. Proper and timely acquisition of an EORI number can significantly simplify your customs procedures and ensure the successful international growth of your business.

FAQ:

How is the EORI number used?

The EORI code is an identification number for economic operators that is required for international trade and the movement of goods between countries.

This code is used in the European Union and other countries that have customs agreements with the EU to identify and register economic operators involved in international trade.

How do I know if I have an EORI number?

On the website of the German Customs Administration, you will find a section about EORI numbers. There, you can find information about what an EORI number is and how to obtain one. If you are a registered company, check your business documents (invoices or contracts) for your EORI number; it should be listed there.

Is an EORI tax number the same as a tax number?

No, an EORI number is not the same as a tax number. However, they are linked. When submitting an export declaration through IAA Plus, the system verifies if the EORI number matches the taxpayer number or identification number listed on your electronic tax declaration (ELSTER-certificate).

How can I change my EORI number?

To change your EORI number in Germany, you need to submit an application to the customs authority and provide the necessary documents. Once your application is processed, you will be issued a new certificate with an updated EORI number. This process usually takes between 2 and 4 weeks.

Can I retrieve an EORI number using the name?

No. An EORI number is not issued to an individual's name but is assigned to legal entities or sole proprietors engaged in foreign trade. To obtain an EORI number, you need to apply to the customs authorities and provide documents related to your business registration.

What should I do if I have lost my EORI number?

To recover a lost EORI number, you should contact the customs office where you obtained the number or submit a new application with your business documents.

Can I import goods without an EORI number?

No, it is not possible to import goods into the European Union without a valid EORI number. The EORI number is a mandatory identification number for participating in customs procedures and foreign trade activities within the EU.